住院病歷上常出現下面的句子
This 65-year-old male had DM for 12 years. (DM, Diabetes mellitus, 糖尿病)
文法正確,但不注意,也許看不出問題在哪兒你再看看下面的句子:
I lived in Taipei when I was a child.
我小時候住台北
I lived in Taipei from 1987 to 2000.
1987 年到 2000 年住在台北
I lived in Taipei for 13 years.
我曾在台北住了 13 (也許就是 1987-2000,但現在不住台北)

This 65-year-old male had DM for 12 years.
這位 65 歲的男性 "過去曾" 罹患糖尿病 12
意味著該病患的 DM 現在已經好了,但糖尿病多半不會好,尤其是病人住院與糖尿病的併發症有關,所以通常要使用完成式。
This 65-year-old male has had DM for 12 years. 這樣寫才能表達病人在病歷與病房中的現況

This 65-year-old male had DM for 12 years. 這樣寫錯了嗎?當然不是!當你寫 Case Report 或在醫院的會議上報告某個病例時,所有曾經發生過的事都「過去了」,不管病人現在「死」、「活」如何,今天是 2011 10 16 ,你的 Case Report 所定義的時間,全部在今天以前,
所以This 65-year-old male had DM for 12 years. 在Case Report 時是正確的,
就像 I lived in Taipei for 13 years (from 1987 to 2000). 一樣!

This 65-year-old male was a case of DM for 12 years. 
若出現在住院病歷上,通常也是錯誤的!

This 65-year-old male is a case of DM. 
這樣只可表達病人的現況 (now)不宜討論病程的時間,在寫病歷中較少用。

This 65-year-old male is a case of DM for 12 years. 
也是錯誤的用法,但許多醫師常這樣寫 。現在式 "is" 表示現在的點,"for 12 years" 指的是 "過去到現在" 或 "過去到過去" 的12年

你若不想用has had DM」,用「has suffered from DM」也很簡單明瞭:
This 65-year-old male has suffered from DM for 12 years.

其他慢性病諸如高血壓、慢性肝炎、腎衰竭、冠狀動脈疾病等,多半不會完全根除,"過去與現在" 的表達非常重要

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